Mafic magmatic enclaves and mafic rocks associated with some granitoids of the central Sierra Nevada batholith, California: nature, origin, and relations with the hosts   总被引：39，自引：0，他引：39  

Bernard Barbarin   《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):155-177

The calc-alkaline granitoids of the central Sierra Nevada batholith are associated with abundant mafic rocks. These include both country-rock xenoliths and mafic magmatic enclaves (MME) that commonly have fine-grained and, less commonly, cumulate textures. Scarce composite enclaves consist of either xenoliths enclosed in MME, or of MME enclosed in other MME with different grain size and texture. Enclaves are often enclosed in mafic aggregates and form meter-size polygenic swarms, mostly in the margins of normally zoned plutons. Enclaves may locally divert schlieren layering. Mafic dikes, which also occur in swarms, are undisturbed, composite, or largely hybridized. In central Sierra Nevada, with the exception of xenoliths that completely differ from the other rocks, host granitoids, mafic aggregates, MME, and some composite dikes exhibit a bulk compositional diversity and, at the same time, important mineralogical and geochemical (including isotopic) similarities. MME and host granitoids display distinct major and trace element compositions. However, strong correlations between MME–host granitoid pairs indicate interactions and parallel evolution of MME and enclosing granitoid in each pluton. Identical mafic mineral compositions and isotopic features are the result of these interactions and parallel evolution. Mafic dikes have broadly the same major and trace element compositions as the MME although variations are large between the different dikes that are at distinctly different stages of hybridization and digestion by the host granitoids. The composition of the granitoids and various mafic rocks reflects three distinct stages of hybridization that occurred, respectively, at depth, during ascent and emplacement, and after emplacement. The occurrence and succession of hybridization processes were tightly controlled by the physical properties of the magmas. The sequential thorough or partial mixing and mingling were commonly followed by differentiation and segregation processes. Unusual MME that contain abundant large crystals of hornblende resulted from disruption of early cumulates at depth, whereas those richer in large crystals of biotite were formed by disruption of late mafic aggregates or schlieren layerings at the level of emplacement. MME and host granitoids are considered cogenetic, because both are hybrid rocks that were produced by the mixing of the same two components in different proportions. The felsic component was produced by partial melting of preexisting crustal materials, whereas the dominant mafic component was probably derived from the upper mantle. However, in the lack of a clear mantle signature, the origin of the mafic component remains questionable.  相似文献   

ETHNIC RESIDENTIAL CONCENTRATIONS IN UNITED STATES METROPOLITAN AREAS     

JAMES P. ALLEN  EUGENE TURNER 《Geographical review》2005,95(2):267-285

ABSTRACT. Although residential concentrations of immigrant ethnic groups in cities were common a century ago, it is not clear to what extent members of more recently arrived groups live near each other. We attempt to determine how common such clustered settlement is today, using 2000 census data to measure concentrations of Asians, Hispanics, and their larger ethnic subgroups in fifteen large metropolitan areas. The percentage of an ethnic group that is residentially concentrated correlated significantly with the group's proportion in an area. With metropolitan areas weighted equally, 38 percent of Hispanics and 13 percent of Asians were concentrated. However, when we analyzed eight specific nationality groups, the residentially concentrated proportion ranged from 14 to 59 percent. Level of cultural assimilation appears to explain group differences in level of concentration. Although ethnic concentrations were more pronounced in the largest metropolitan areas, important concentrations were also found in many of the smaller areas in our study.  相似文献   

扬子板块北缘阳坝岩体锆石饱和温度的计算及其意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

秦江锋  赖绍聪  李永飞  白莉  王娟 《西北地质》2005,38(3):1-5

通过对阳坝花岗闪长岩和暗色微粒包体中锆石饱和温度的计算反演岩浆源区的温度.计算结果表明，阳坝花岗闪长岩的锆石饱和温度介于762～773℃，平均值为769℃，暗色微粒包体的锆石饱和温度介于752～770℃，平均值为760℃.这表明阳坝花岗闪长岩可能是增厚下地壳在有外来流体注入的条件下发生低温（770℃）部分熔融的产物，而外来流体则可能是底侵作用早期由富含挥发分的偏基性岩浆发生去气作用的产物。  相似文献   

桂东北牛庙闪长岩和同安石英二长岩:岩石学、锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学和地球化学   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：12  

朱金初谢才富  张佩华杨策　顾晟彦 《岩石学报》2005,21(3):665-676

桂东北牛庙和同安岩体分别由闪长岩和石英二长岩组成。锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄分别为163±4Ma和160± 4Ma。岩石以富铝、富碱、高钾、富含Rb、Ba、Th、U、Pb、Sr等大离子半径亲石元素(LILE)及富含REE、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素(HFSE)为主要特征,属富钾系列或钾玄岩系列。其不相容元素的分布特征为亲OIB型,主要来源于富集的岩石圈地幔的熔融。两岩体的常量元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素组成特征,反映了它们的原始岩浆经历过相当充分的分离结晶和相当程度的地壳混染,即通过AFC方式而形成。岩体中广泛分布的微细粒状暗色包体是共存的更偏基性的岩浆与寄主岩浆不完全混合的残留,其成分的多样性和相互过渡关系,反映了不同包体母岩浆在形成和演化途径等方面的差异性。岩体形成于燕山早期华南后造山阶段大陆地壳拉张减薄的构造环境,软流圈地幔沿超岩石圈深断裂的上涌和底侵,是造成富集的岩石圈地幔和中下地壳熔融并形成本区闪长质和花岗质岩浆的主要机制。  相似文献   

Genesis and geological significance of sulfide bearing mafic enclaves and host syenite in Heishishan,East Kunlun: Evidence from geochronology,mineralogy, geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopesSCIEI北大核心CSCD     

李治华  李碧乐  王斌  孙亚明  史雨凡  于润涛 《岩石学报》2023,(3):742-762

黑石山铜铅锌矿床位于东昆仑造山带中段的五龙沟地区,矿区内的石英二长岩-正长岩发育有暗色微粒包体,本研究在包体中发现了硫化物。锆石U-Pb定年显示,正长岩形成于239.4±1.0Ma,具有富Si和K,贫Mg、Cr、Ni,明显的Eu负异常,富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素,较为富集的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征。暗色微粒包体由斜长石和角闪石组成,可见角闪石堆晶,贫硅、富钙、铝、碱和铁,Mg#值为38.37,具有明显的Eu负异常,轻重稀土分馏弱。结合宿主正长岩和暗色包体的矿物成分相似性和岩相学特征,本文认为暗色微粒包体与正长岩来自同一个岩浆房,属于同源岩浆包体,是岩浆房早期分离结晶相,被中酸性岩脉携带上升至正长岩熔体中,一起侵位至浅部地壳。综合岩石地球化学、同位素和矿物成分,本文认为正长岩是下地壳含水镁铁质岩石在压力较低条件下部分熔融的产物。暗色微粒包体中发育硫化物,且包体岩浆的硫含量远高于正长岩岩浆,指示岩浆房的早期分离结晶相带走了硫,使残余熔体贫硫。  相似文献   

松潘—甘孜造山带万里城花岗岩及其岩浆包体的成因与地球动力学意义     

鄢圣武  朱兵  伍文湘  白宪洲  文龙  杨辉  王玉婷 《地质通报》2015,34(203):292-305

松潘—甘孜造山带广泛分布着三叠纪花岗岩体,其成因对正确认识研究区花岗岩浆的动力学背景具有重要意义。地球化学分析表明,万里城岩体寄主花岗岩具有高的SiO2含量（69.43%~73.10%）和较高的全碱含量,具弱过铝质（A/CNK=1.01~1.12）特征,属于高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列I型花岗岩类。暗色微粒包体具较低的SiO2含量（52.85%~59.50%）和较高的Mg#值（45~63）,为准铝质高钾钙碱性二长（闪长）岩。包体为典型的岩浆细粒结构,发育针状磷灰石、环带结构斜长石、瞳状石英、反鲍文序列的不平衡岩浆结构等。微量与稀土元素分析表明,包体起源于壳幔混合作用,是底侵的幔源玄武质岩浆与上覆壳源长英质岩浆混合的产物,混合的熔体经历了钛铁矿、黑云母等矿物的分离结晶,最终形成万里城暗色微粒包体。而寄主花岗岩则起源于纯的长英质陆壳,岩石具有较低的Mg#值(21~39)、中等的CaO/(MgO+TFeO)值、较高的K2O/Na2O和(Na2O+K2O)/(TFeO+MgO+TiO2)值等,指示源区主要为变杂砂岩类。综合区域地质资料,提出松潘—甘孜造山带内大规模花岗质岩体的形成主要受控于碰撞后伸展背景下的玄武质岩浆底侵加热。  相似文献   

吉南中侏罗世花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学及Hf同位素组成     

张宇婷  孙丰月  李予晋  叶丽娜  刘金龙  苏蓉 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2022,52(5):1675-1687

古太平洋构造体系控制了东亚大陆边缘的形成和演化,但关于古太平洋板块俯冲的开始时间以及精细过程仍存在争议。和龙市石人村位于吉林南部,地处华北板块北缘东段,是研究古太平洋演化的有利区域。本文对研究区内花岗闪长岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学和Hf同位素研究。结果表明：锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果为(173±1) Ma,属中侏罗世;岩石具有高Mg^#（65.23~65.92）,异常高w(Sr)（(1 657~2 467)×10^-6）,低w(Y)（(7.50~7.98)×10^-6）、w(HREE)的特征,非常类似于低硅埃达克岩,反映了其初始岩浆来源于板片熔融交代的地幔楔。该类型岩石的发现暗示在173 Ma左右区域存在非常热的俯冲作用,可能是斜向俯冲或洋脊俯冲所致,也意味着中侏罗世早期古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的俯冲方向发生了偏转或俯冲方式发生了转变。然而,石人村花岗闪长岩又不同于典型的低硅埃达克岩,其w (SiO₂)=61.13%~62.31%,明显大于埃达克岩的56%,在野外和镜下均观察到岩浆混合作用的痕迹,反映岩浆在侵位过程中经历了岩浆混合作用开放体系的演化过程。  相似文献   

Magmatic history during late Carboniferous to early Permian in the North of the central Xing’an-Mongolia Orogenic Belt: a case study of the Houtoumiao pluton,Inner Mongolia     

Changfeng Liu  Mengting Xu  Zhiguang Zhou  Guosheng Wang  Chen Wu  Yan Zhu 《International Geology Review》2018,60(15):1918-1939

We undertake zircon U–Pb dating, Hf isotopes, and geochemical analyses of the Houtoumiao pluton in the Xilinhot microcontinent (XLMC) in the central Inner Mongolia with an aim of determining their ages, petrogenesis, and sources, which are important for understanding the late Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the Xing’an-Mongolia Orogenic Belt. The Houtoumiao pluton consists of medium-grained granodiorite, coarse- and medium-grained syenogranite. Mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) are common in the Houtoumiao pluton. Zircon U–Pb dating has yielded ages of 303 ± 2 and 301 ± 2 Ma for the granodiorite, 295 ± 2 Ma for the syenogranite, and 292 ± 1 Ma for the MMEs. The granodiorite and syenogranite have features of high-K high silica content, rich in Rb, U, and Th, but low content of HFSE, belong to calc-alkaline series. The P₂O₅ concentration decreases with the increasing SiO₂ content, suggesting I-type affinity. The MMEs, which are characterized by low SiO₂, relatively high and variable TiO₂, Al₂O₃, FeO^T, MgO, CaO, Ni, and Cr contents, also have much higher total rare earth element concentrations that the REE patterns are subparallel to those of the host rocks. Zircons from the host rocks have ε_Hf(t) values from +3.91 to +7.73 and T_DM2 values of 820–1067 Ma, suggesting that the granitoids were probably dominated by remelting of juvenile crust materials. The MMEs are of ε_Hf(t) value ranging from +6.23 to +11.04 and T_DM1 values from 490 to 693 Ma, suggesting that the primary magma probably was derived from partial melting of a depleted lithospheric mantle, the mafic mineral fractional crystallization and crustal contamination occurred during the magma evolution. Combined with previous studies on the contemporaneous magma-tectonic activities in the Uliastai Continental Margin and XLMC, we suggest that the Houtoumiao pluton formed in a post-orogenic setting.  相似文献   

Insights into petrogenesis of the Jálama pluton (Central Iberian Zone,western Spain)     

A. Pesquera  P. P. Gil-Crespo  J. Torres-Ruiz  E. Roda-Robles 《International Geology Review》2018,60(2):157-187

The Jálama pluton (JP) is a Variscan peraluminous granitoid that intruded into low-grade metasediments from the Central Iberian Zone (CIZ). It comprises a sillimanite-bearing two-mica monzogranite in the inner zone, followed by a tourmaline-bearing two-mica monzogranite, and a marginal tourmaline-muscovite leucogranite in the northern half of the pluton. Microgranitoid enclaves and metasedimentary xenoliths occur locally in monzogranites. The change in rock type from the central monzogranite to the marginal leucogranite corresponds to decreasing TiO₂, MgO, FeO, CaO, Sr, Ba, Zr, and ΣREE, and increasing SiO₂, Na₂O, P₂O₅, Rb, Li, Cs, Ta, Sn, and W. Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios in biotite, muscovite and tourmaline increase with increasing Fe/(Fe+Mg) in bulk rock, suggesting an important control of the bulk-rock composition on mineral chemistry. The high peraluminosity, the low CaO and high P contents, as well as the similarity of ε(Nd)₃₀₀ values in both the granites and metasediments of the southern CIZ constitute strong evidences for a crustal origin of the granite suite, probably by melting of these metasedimentary rocks. Field and petrographic observations, together with mineralogical and geochemical data, suggest that assimilation and mingling/mixing acted in concert with fractional crystallization during the formation of the JP. These processes may also have been important in the evolution of other granitoids from this region.  相似文献   

滇西马厂箐复式岩体岩浆混合作用:岩石学与地球化学证据     

张广宁 《地质与勘探》2015,51(4):599-609

滇西马厂箐铜矿区含矿斑岩体中的暗色包体与其寄主富碱花岗斑岩具有相似的地球化学的特征。寄主花岗斑岩Si O2含量为65.10%~70.60%,Al2O3为14.65%~17.55%,Mg O为0.80%~1.70%,Ca O为0.43%~1.92%,Na2O+K2O为8.25%~12.23%。受混染包体Si O2为62.50%~77.30%,Al2O3为10.00%~15.70%,Mg O为0.75%~3.82%,Ca O为0.86%~2.15%,Na2O+K2O为7.68%~10.22%。二者稀土配分曲线都是典型的右倾型配分模式,轻重稀土分馏明显,富集轻稀土、亏损重稀土。寄主岩具有高Sr(392.00×10-6~919.00×10-6)、低Y(10.10×10-6~17.10×10-6)、低Yb(1.00×10-6~1.40×10-6),高Sr/Y(33.24×10-6~104.43×10-6)、高(La/Yb)N(36.08×10-6~89.09×10-6)特点;暗色包体也具有高Sr(314.00×10-6~652.00×10-6),低Y(7.20×10-6~15.10×10-6)、低Yb(0.60×10-6~1.50×10-6)特征。通过对混染MME地球化学特征分析,结合前人对未混染或弱混染包体的研究资料,提出马厂箐复式岩体和其中的MME可能与该地区地幔玄武岩的底侵作用有关,而这种玄武岩底侵导致的不同岩浆混合作用可能是马厂箐铜矿的部分成矿条件。  相似文献